And/With (하고)

하고 is a particle that connects nouns, meaning 'and' or 'with.' Unlike 와/과, 하고 does not change form based on the final consonant — it is always 하고 regardless of what comes before it. This makes it easier to use.

하고 is the most commonly used 'and' particle in everyday spoken Korean. While 와/과 sounds more formal and is preferred in writing, 하고 is natural in conversation. For example, '친구하고 영화를 봤어요' (I watched a movie with a friend).

When listing multiple items, 하고 goes between each pair: '사과하고 바나나하고 포도를 샀어요' (I bought apples, bananas, and grapes). In very casual speech, (이)랑 can be used instead of 하고 with the same meaning.