In Addition To (-(으)ㄴ/는 데다가)
-(으)ㄴ/는 데다가
Adds a compounding fact: 'in addition to / on top of that.'
Pattern
Action verb + -는 데다(가) / Adj + -(으)ㄴ 데다(가) / Past + -(으)ㄴ 데다(가)
Explanation
-(으)ㄴ/는 데다가 stacks one fact on top of another, often to emphasize that things are even more extreme than just the first fact alone: 비가 오는 데다가 바람도 불어요 (In addition to it raining, it's also windy).
The form follows standard modifier rules: -는 데다가 for present action verbs, -(으)ㄴ 데다가 for adjectives and past tense. The shortened form 데다 (without 가) is also common.
This pattern often appears with negative situations (compounding problems) but can also be used with positive situations (compounding good things). It's similar to 뿐만 아니라 but feels more colloquial and emphasizes the cumulative effect.
Examples
일이 많은 데다가 시간도 부족해요.
Iri maneun dedaga sigando bujokaeyo.
On top of having a lot of work, I'm also short on time.
맛있는 데다가 양도 많아요.
Masinneun dedaga yangdo manayo.
In addition to being delicious, the portions are also large.
피곤한 데다가 머리도 아파요.
Pigonhan dedaga meorido apayo.
On top of being tired, I also have a headache.
Common Mistakes
Wrong
비가 오는데다 바람도 불어요.
Correct
비가 오는 데다가 바람도 불어요.
Write with a space before 데다가. 데 is a bound noun.
Wrong
좋는 데다가 싸요.
Correct
좋은 데다가 싸요.
Adjectives use -(으)ㄴ: 좋다 → 좋은 데다가.
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